A Review on Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

Nanoparticles and their compounds have potent inhibitory and antimicrobial properties against bacteria, viruses, and fungus. In contemporary society, the emergence of infectious illnesses caused by various harmful bacteria and the rise of antibiotic resistance have prompted pharmaceutical corporations and researchers to seek novel antimicrobial agents. The synthesis, characterization, and use of biologically produced nanoparticles have become a significant aspect of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles are produced globally in substantial volumes for various applications. The green synthesis of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles is a growing research topic due to its potential uses in the creation of revolutionary technologies. Recent advancements in research on metal nanoparticles. A nanoparticle has significant potential for healthcare items, including burn dressings, antibacterial applications, medical devices, and scaffolds. Diverse methods used for the creation of nanoparticles include chemical reduction, photochemical processes, electrochemical procedures, and green chemistry approaches. This research reports on several plants, fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes used in this technique, including the synthesis methods, nanoparticle morphology, dimensions, and their applications as antimicrobials in an elaborate way. We also elucidated the fundamental process by which nanoparticles engage with microorganisms and provided future suggestions.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, biological method, antimicrobial activities, bioassay.