Phytosome as an Innovative Carrier for the Delivery of Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Plant phytoconstituents with few adverse effects make phytomedicine a promising treatment option. Low bioavailability owing to large molecular size, poor lipid solubility, and bioactive component instability hinder its effectiveness. Different methods have been used to create phytochemical carrier systems with increased bioavailability. Most recently, phytosomes have become attractive lipid-based transporters for plant-based medicines and nutraceuticals. A new medicine delivery method called phytosome encapsulates bioactive ingredients in phospholipid molecules, mostly phosphatidylcholine. Phytosomes as phyto-phospholipid complexes improve target medication delivery, bioavailability, stability, pharmacological activity, and bioactive molecule protection against chemical and physical degradation. Phytosomes are widely used and accepted by science due to their efficiency and ease of manufacture. This review covers phytosome technology, its structural components, formulation methods, optimization, characterisation, and pros and cons. Recent research and phytosome-based commercial items are also discussed. In conclusion, phytosome technology is a boon for poorly bioavailable plant extracts and phytochemicals with proven processing and testing methods.

Keywords: Phytomedicine; Novel drug delivery system; Phytosome; Liposome; Bioavailability; Phytochemicals; Phosphatidylcholine; Thin layer hydration technique; Biodegradable; Supercritical anti-solvent precipitation.